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The Art of War · Chapter 2

作战

Zuò Zhàn
Waging War

War is ruinously expensive, so speed beats perfection: win quickly, never drag a campaign out, and live off the enemy's supplies to spare your own.

A camp of a few tents, and the supply train serving it stretching back to the horizon.
A camp of a few tents, and the supply train serving it stretching back to the horizon. Artist’s impression, drawn for RECATOOLS. The Book of Han’s catalogue records nine scrolls of diagrams alongside Sun Tzu’s text; not one of them survives. How the thirteen reached us →

What this chapter says

Sun Tzu turns to cost. A large army in the field devours the treasury daily — provisions, transport, and equipment ruin the state long before the enemy does. A protracted war blunts weapons, dampens morale, exhausts strength, and tempts other powers to strike while you are spent. Therefore what matters is a swift victory, not a clever, drawn-out one: 'though we have heard of stupid haste in war, cleverness has never been seen associated with long delays.' The wise general also feeds his army from captured supplies rather than shipping everything from home, because one cartload taken from the enemy is worth twenty of one's own. Economy and speed, not endurance, decide who can afford to win.

Key lines

兵贵胜,不贵久。
In war, then, let your great object be victory, not lengthy campaigns.
兵闻拙速,未睹巧之久也。
Though we have heard of stupid haste in war, cleverness has never been seen associated with long delays.
故智将务食于敌。
Hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy.

Applied today

Business

Prolonged, cash-burning campaigns — price wars, endless roadmaps — exhaust you and invite disruption while you're spent. A decisive, faster win usually beats a drawn-out pursuit of the 'perfect' one.

Everyday

Sustained conflict is costly for everyone involved, and bystanders may exploit both sides' exhaustion. Where you can, resolve a dispute quickly rather than letting it grind on out of pride.

Related stratagems

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