Research
Cited document chat plus a reference manager, now called Logically
Alpaca
Stanford's instruction-tuned Llama model — trained on 52k GPT-generated instructions for $600.
AutoGen by Microsoft
Microsoft's open-source multi-agent framework
BabyAGI
The viral 2023 agent loop, reborn as a self-building framework
BLOOM
The first multilingual open-access large language model, created collaboratively by 1,000+ researchers.
ChatDOC
Chat with any file and trace every answer to the page
Consensus
AI search engine that shows what the science actually says
Deepnote
Collaborative notebook that went open-source, drop-in for Jupyter
Dolly
Databricks' open-source instruction-following model — trained on human-generated data, commercial use permitted.
Elicit
AI research assistant for academic literature reviews
Explainpaper
Highlight a confusing line in a paper, get a plain-English fix.
Institutional-grade equity data with an AI research copilot
Gemini Notebook (formerly NotebookLM)
Source-grounded research notebook with podcast-style summaries
Genei
AI research summarizer with team collaboration
Guanaco
The QLoRA demo chatbot that made single-GPU fine-tuning standard
Cited answers pulled straight from your PDFs
Hume AI
Empathic voice AI that responds to emotion
InCoder
Open-source code infilling model — generates code in the middle of existing functions, not just at the end.
Iris.ai
AI research assistant for scientists and analysts
Kimi 月之暗面
Long-context chat assistant from Moonshot AI
Koala
Berkeley's 2023 dialogue-tuned LLaMA — a research-era milestone
Litmaps
Discover related research with citation-graph mapping
MetaGPT
Multi-agent framework that role-plays a software company
Chinese AI search engine with academic depth and pay-per-query API
OPT
Meta's open-source language model with fully released training code and logbook — complete transparency.
Orca
Microsoft Research's reasoning-tuned small models — research-only
AI summaries of academic papers and trial protocols
Paperguide
AI research assistant with semantic paper search
Paperpal
Academic writing help trained on published scholarly text
Perplexity AI
The answer engine that cites its sources on every live web query
Perplexity Pages
A Perplexity feature for cited, shareable pages — currently retired pending a rebuild
Perplexity Pro
$20/mo Perplexity tier: unlimited search + model choice.
Perplexity Projects (formerly Spaces)
Perplexity's persistent research workspaces, renamed from Spaces in 2026
PolyCoder
CMU's 2022 code LLM — an early open, multi-language code model
Chat with spreadsheets; hand full analyses to AI agents
PyCodeGPT
Python-specialised code generation model — trained exclusively on high-quality Python to maximise Python coding quality.
Thunder covers a kilometre in under three seconds in Singapore air
Dividing the seconds between a lightning flash and its thunder by three gives kilometres, but in Singapore's a...
KE
8 Oct
The 3,500 commonest Chinese characters mostly have an exact Mandarin homophone
By Unicode's Unihan 17.0 readings, 89% of the 3,500 first-level characters on mainland China's 2013 standard l...
EV
8 Oct
QT correction formulas agree at 60 beats a minute and drift apart either side
Bazett, Fridericia and Framingham correct the QT interval to a heart rate of 60 beats a minute, where all thre...
PR
8 Oct
Blood type explains almost none of the variation in large Japanese and US surveys
The belief that ABO blood type shapes temperament and compatibility has been popular in Japan since a 1971 boo...
AM
7 Oct
NParks allows about twice the time Naismith's rule gives on Singapore trails
Naismith's 1892 rule allows an hour for every three miles plus an hour for every 2,000 feet of climb, and the...
KE
7 Oct
Generation charts disagree on a third of post-war birth years
Pew, McCrindle, the US Census Bureau and Indonesia's statistics office give different generation labels, or no...
NA
7 Oct
Taiwan's marriage law extends to second cousins, and other ways cousins are counted
A cousin's degree and removal come from counting the generations from each person up to the ancestor they shar...
EV
7 Oct
A Guide for New Mothers Missed Its Main Goal but Nearly Doubled Primary Care Visits
In a US trial of 405 low-income patients, almost nobody received all six essential postpartum services. Those...
AM
7 Oct
Only 1 in 32 Young Americans With Opioid Addiction Stayed on Medication for Six Months
A study of nearly 230,000 Medicaid patients aged 13 to 25 found that under-18s rarely received the drugs at al...
AM
5 Oct
Menopause Brought On by Surgery or Cancer Treatment Before 45 Was Linked to Higher Death Risk
A review of 36 studies and 2.6 million women finds induced menopause linked to more stroke and heart disease....
AM
3 Oct
A Korean learner's dictionary needs only 1,465 of Hangul's syllables
Unicode encodes 11,172 Hangul syllables by one formula, and South Korea's 1987 character standard kept 2,350 o...
KE
3 Oct
Colour-blindness simulators give their least consistent answers on blue and yellow
A colour-blindness simulator runs each pixel through a published model of colour-vision deficiency. We compare...
AM
3 Oct
A Simplified-first pinyin library trips over Taiwan's Zhuyin readings
Run the text of Taiwan's primary-school dictionary through pinyin-pro, a widely used pinyin library, and it di...
EV
3 Oct
Chinese knots are far older than the name a 1981 Taipei book made common in Taiwan
The name Chinese knot (中國結) became common in Taiwan after a 1981 Taipei book, according to the Taipei City...
AM
3 Oct
Mandarin rhymes share a Pingshui rhyme group about half the time
Two level-tone characters that rhyme exactly in Putonghua share a 平水韵 group only about half the time, by ou...
EV
3 Oct
Xiehouyu are mostly metaphors, and many Mandarin puns miss in Cantonese
外甥打燈籠──照舅 is a pun in Mandarin and not in Cantonese. Taiwan's Ministry of Education dictionary lists 30...
EV
3 Oct
Converting Japanese era years, and why Japanese law still names Heisei 72
Reiwa 8 is 2026: add 2018, and 1988, 1925, 1911 or 1867 for the earlier eras. The four days when the era chang...
NA
3 Oct
The temple's own grades for Wong Tai Sin's 100 fortune sticks
Sik Sik Yuen publishes all 100 Wong Tai Sin fortune sticks with their verses and grades. How the five grades d...
EV
3 Oct
Classical Chinese particles, counted in the Analects and Mencius
About a quarter of the Analects and Mencius is 23 small grammatical words. How often 之, 也, 矣, 焉 and 乎 app...
EV
3 Oct
Japan's 2020 school kanji table moved more characters than it added
Japanese elementary schools teach 1,026 kanji. The 2020 table added 20 prefecture kanji and moved 37 others be...
AM
3 Oct
How a Taiwan ID number is built, and what its check digit misses
A Taiwan ID number is a letter, a sex digit, a seven-digit serial and a check digit. Where the check-digit rul...
PR
3 Oct
How to tell the upper line of a Spring Festival couplet from the lower
How to tell the upper line of a spring couplet (春联, 春聯) from the lower, which side each goes on, why the M...
EV
1 Oct
Singlish and Manglish words in the Oxford English Dictionary
Which Singapore and Malaysian English words the OED has recorded and when: 21 Singapore entries in 2016 and a...
AM
1 Oct
Taiwan's 22 counties and cities, read from the household register
Taiwan's 22 counties and cities (台灣22縣市) on the household register for August 2026: population, area and d...
NA
1 Oct