Statistics

Statistics 7 min The annual Sharpe ratio hides an assumption about your returns Annualising a monthly Sharpe ratio by multiplying by the square root of twelve is not a unit conversion. It is... NA Nadia Rahim 4 Sep Statistics 6 min A distress-zone Z-score does not mean a 70% chance of bankruptcy The Altman Z-score's famous 70% is the share of firms that DID fail which had scored in the distress zone — a... NA Nadia Rahim 4 Sep Science 7 min Why your DNA ancestry estimate is vaguer if you are Asian A result full of "Broadly" labels is telling you something real, but not about your ancestry. One company's ow... NA Nadia Rahim 31 Aug Personality 5 min Why two websites give you different life path numbers Numerology has two standard ways of doing the arithmetic, and for about one birthday in eight they disagree. T... AM Amelia Wong 31 Aug Science 5 min When a DNA match could be your grandparent or your half-sibling A match sharing around 1,700 centimorgans could be a grandparent, an aunt or uncle, or a half-sibling. The ave... NA Nadia Rahim 31 Aug Statistics 5 min Why Your Best Performers Get Worse A thousand simulated pages whose true conversion rates never change. Selected on one period's numbers, the top... NA Nadia Rahim 24 Aug Statistics 5 min What Happens When You Test Twenty Metrics A dashboard rarely shows one number. Simulated with nothing real to find, examining twenty metrics produced at... NA Nadia Rahim 24 Aug Statistics 5 min How Big Does an A/B Test Need to Be? Sample size is usually decided by how long someone will wait. Simulated across a grid, a genuine one-point lif... NA Nadia Rahim 23 Aug Statistics 5 min What Happens When You Check an A/B Test Early Twenty thousand simulated experiments with no real difference in them. Read once at the end, 4.9% came back si... NA Nadia Rahim 23 Aug Personality 7 min What a DISC Profile Is Actually Shaped Like Across all 83,521 possible results from our DISC test, the top two traits are within a point in 31%. Because t... AM Amelia Wong 16 Aug Science 7 min What Actually Decides When Caffeine Wears Off Coffee at four, still awake at midnight? The usual answer is that a substance is gone after ten half-lives — a... NA Nadia Rahim 15 Aug Science 6 min Why Isn't the Periodic Table Sorted by Weight? The periodic table is not ordered by weight. Walk our own 118-element data from hydrogen to oganesson and the... NA Nadia Rahim 15 Aug Science 9 min Significant Figures: The Digits Your Calculator Invents We audited our own science calculators against the precision their inputs actually justify. Across 768 multipl... NA Nadia Rahim 13 Aug Personality 6 min Why Your Personality Result Changes When You Retake It A four-part label is two numbers passed through a threshold. We walked all 1,089 possible score pairs on our o... AM Amelia Wong 13 Aug Science 5 min What a Punnett Square Cannot Tell You The square says three-to-one, and the lesson usually adds that in a family of four, three children will show t... NA Nadia Rahim 12 Aug Cyber Threat Intel 8 min 799 Ransomware Attacks in July. Victims Confirmed 51 of Them. July produced 799 ransomware attacks by the standard count, second only to March in 2026. Victims confirmed 51... CY Cyber Team 9 Aug Statistics 7 min Cloudflare Says Humans Will Be a Rounding Error. We Checked Our Own Logs and Could Not Tell. Cloudflare's CFO told analysts non-human traffic could reach a thousand times human traffic within five years... NA Nadia Rahim 9 Aug Statistics 9 min 16 Working Viruses Out of 285 Built — and the Survivors Were Not Copies Genome language models designed 16 viable bacteriophages out of 285 physically built. The reflexive debunk say... NA Nadia Rahim 8 Aug Developer Tools 16 min Why "Random" Is Almost Never Random — and What a Fairness Test Cannot See We fed the same rejection-sampling helper a cryptographic source and a 1960s textbook generator, 600,000 draws... KE Kenji Tanaka 2 Aug Statistics 9 min Grades, GPAs and What They Convert To NUS publishes separate grade profiles for A-level and polytechnic applicants, and none at all for IB — because... NA Nadia Rahim 1 Aug Cybersecurity 5 min Vulnerability Disclosures Will Pass Last Year's Record by August. The Share Anyone Actually Exploits Is Falling AI code scanning has pushed disclosures to 45,207 in seven months. Our own count of the exploited-vulnerabilit... CY Cyber Team 1 Aug Statistics 6 min Three Breaches Caused Eighty Per Cent of the Half-Year's Victim Notices. The Other 1,800 Shared the Rest The Identity Theft Resource Center counted 471 million victim notices in six months, more than all of last yea... NA Nadia Rahim 1 Aug Statistics 15 min Mean, Median, Mode: The Average Is a Choice, Not a Fact Three different numbers are all correctly called "the average", and which one gets published changes what a re... NA Nadia Rahim 26 Jul Statistics 20 min A High R² Does Not Mean the Model Is Right Anscombe printed one regression summary for four data sets in 1973 and said the features that matter are "invi... NA Nadia Rahim 26 Jul