LLM
A searchable glossary of 50+ AI and LLM terms in plain English
See what % of each model's context window your text fills
Price embedding a corpus for RAG: documents × tokens × model rate
Estimate GPT, Claude & Gemini API costs from token counts and volume
Compare one request's cost across GPT, Claude, Gemini & Mistral, ranked
Build a spec-compliant /llms.txt to help AI models understand your site
Forecast monthly & annual API spend from requests per day
Searchable reference of LLM sampling parameters and their effects
Preview where an LLM stop sequence cuts generated text
See how temperature, top-p and top-k reshape token probabilities
Split text into token-sized chunks with overlap for RAG
Count exact GPT tokens (tiktoken) plus words, characters & LLM estimates
See exactly how text splits into GPT tokens, colour-coded
Convert between tokens, words and characters for LLM prompts
Private-deployment enterprise Copilot from 4Paradigm, now Phancy Group
Jamba models, an agent-cost gateway and post-training from Tel Aviv
WideLabs' free Brazilian-Portuguese AI chat; the API is still waitlisted
The 2023 task-loop agent, now a family of open-source experiments
Government-funded Indic language and speech models led by IIT Bombay
BigScience's 2022 open multilingual model, still downloadable, now a research artefact
One tidy client for every LLM, with your own keys or hosted
OpenAI's assistant, now on GPT-6, with Work agents and Codex built in
Anthropic's assistant and models for writing, analysis and agentic coding
Hangzhou lab shipping MIT-licensed V4 models and a very cheap API
Google's AI assistant, now with Gemini 4 Argon on paid plans
Nomic's free offline LLM app, no longer actively developed
SpaceXSI's chatbot (formerly xAI), with live X data and Grok 4.7
NAVER's Korean-first LLM family, sold through CLOVA Studio
Open-source offline ChatGPT alternative from Singapore's Menlo Research
Zhou Ming's Mengzi language models, now powering enterprise digital workers
Open-source graph framework for durable, stateful AI agents
Meta's downloadable LLM family, last updated with Llama 4 in April 2025
Sabiá language models built for Brazilian Portuguese and Brazilian data
Meta's free assistant inside WhatsApp, Instagram and Facebook
Microsoft's AI assistant across Windows, Edge, Bing and Microsoft 365
Chinese ATS and HR suite selling its Moka Eva recruiting agent across APAC
One API key and one credit balance for 450+ language models
Chinese legal AI for contract review, contract management and SME legal help
India's sovereign LLM, built for 22 Indian languages
Customer-service AI agents for sellers on Chinese marketplaces
A Hangzhou RPA veteran's computer-use agent, top of OSWorld's verified results
Do DeepSeek and Qwen need different prompts from ChatGPT
"Avoid adding a system prompt" is the most-repeated rule about prompting Chinese models, and DeepSeek's own cu...
MA
27 Sep
How many tokens is a Chinese character, and what Chinese AI companies call things
Four Chinese model vendors publish the same ratio in their own documentation: a Chinese character is about 0.6...
MA
25 Sep
One embedding model, four different maximum lengths
The most downloaded sentence-embedding model ships four config files declaring 128, 256, 512 and 512 as its ma...
KE
5 Sep
One token can double your bill
OpenAI charges 2x input and 1.5x output on the full request once a prompt passes 272,000 tokens, so the 272,00...
KE
4 Sep
Two providers charge a toll for your prompt cache. One charges rent.
All three major providers price a cache read at a tenth of normal input, so caching looks like the same deal e...
KE
3 Sep
One cloud answers with a different model instead of failing
Every hosted model has a date after which it stops answering. Almost everywhere that is an error you can see i...
KE
2 Sep
Your AI Coding Agent Charges You for Coffee Breaks
A long session is cheap. An interrupted one is not. Every AI coding agent re-reads your whole conversation at...
KE
29 Aug
Nvidia Paid $7bn For Poolside's Technology And Staff Without Buying Poolside
A US$6bn non-exclusive licence to the model factory, 109 employees transferring, and US$1bn of equity at a US$...
EV
22 Aug
What the Same Sentence Costs in Eleven Languages
Write a prompt in Thai and it costs more than the same prompt in English — not because the model charges you d...
SA
21 Aug
Stripe Is Buying The Layer That Decides Which AI Model Answers You
OpenRouter routes enterprise work across about 400 models and meters the token spend. A payments company buyin...
MA
21 Aug
How Big a "Small" Model Really Is
A parameter count is not a size. Mistral 7B is 14.5 GB of weights before the KV cache exists, and most model r...
MA
20 Aug
Your AI API Call Leaves the Country
From a server in Singapore, OpenAI's API accepts a connection in 6.2ms and takes 237ms to say anything. Anthro...
MA
19 Aug
What You Are Trusting When You Download a Model
We checked the 1,000 most-downloaded models on the Hugging Face Hub. 99% ship a model card, so documentation i...
KE
19 Aug
The Region's Best "Sovereign" AI Model Is Built on Gemma and Licensed by Google
Vietnam has made national language models a strategic product. Southeast Asia's most developed answer ranks #4...
KE
5 Aug
We Went Looking for What AI Is Bad At. We Found a Bill Instead.
Every business owner wants a map of where AI is reliable and where it is not. We built five task types — draft...
KE
3 Aug
We Tested the Prompting Folklore — 474 Answers Later, Nothing Had Changed
Tell the model it is an expert. Offer it a $200 tip. Threaten it. Say please. Add "let's think step by step"....
NA
3 Aug
Why AI Cannot Spell — What Image, Video and Voice Models Do Instead
A language model emits one symbol at a time, in order. An image model starts from noise and refines the whole...
KE
2 Aug
How to Spend Fewer Tokens — and Why That Is the Fourth Thing to Try
Every guide to controlling an AI bill opens by telling you to trim your prompt. We ran the arithmetic over all...
KE
2 Aug
What Am I Actually Choosing Between? We Sorted 1,347 AI Tools by Shape
The usual answer is five neat categories — chat assistants, copilots, command-line agents, autonomous runtimes...
MA
2 Aug
Do You Need Fine-Tuning? Two of the Big Three Are Taking It Away
The usual case against fine-tuning is that it is expensive. That case is wrong — a small training run costs ab...
KE
2 Aug
Using AI in Your Own Language — What the Machine Can Actually See
The same sentence costs seven tokens in English and fifteen in Malay. That gap is usually explained as a money...
KE
2 Aug
OpenAI Cut Its Cheapest Model by 80 Per Cent. Its Own Price Ladder Now Runs 25 to 1
Luna fell from $1 to 20 cents per million input tokens three weeks after launch. Terra fell 20 per cent. The f...
AI
1 Aug
The Best Forward Deployed Engineers May Not Be Engineers
An AI practitioner in Beijing argues that the best Forward Deployed Engineers he has worked with were not comp...
JE
31 Jul
Where Does My Data Actually Go?
"Do you use my data?" is two questions wearing one coat. Training asks whether your text enters a future model...
JE
31 Jul