A typing-test word is five keystrokes and real English words run longer
Typing tests count a word as any five keystrokes, the space included. Measured over two nineteenth-century novels and tw...
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How reading-time estimates turn words and Chinese characters into minutes
A reading-time label divides a text's length by an assumed reading speed, and the speeds in use for English run from 200...
Chinese reign era names were reused by rival courts, and most Ming and Qing emperors began theirs at New Year
Chinese emperors named their years by era names, and a date was written as the era plus a year count. Catalogues disagre...
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Riegel's race-time formula comes within about 2% of world records and predicts recreational marathons too fast
Riegel's formula scales a known race time to another distance using an exponent, usually 1.06. Tested against world reco...
Equations estimating a one-repetition maximum match on heavy sets and diverge as reps climb
A one-rep max is the heaviest weight a person can lift once, and published equations estimate it from a lighter set take...
The usual mid-parental height range missed 12% of Galton's grown children
The usual target height averages the parents' heights, shifts the result 6.5 cm for sex and allows 8.5 cm either side. I...
Descriptive and algebraic chess notation, and the rules FIDE and PGN files disagree on
Old chess books write moves in descriptive notation, naming each square from the mover's side, while FIDE's Laws recogni...
Hundreds of subject combinations can add up to the same PSLE Score
Singapore's PSLE Score adds four Achievement Levels into a total from 4 to 32, where lower is better, and MOE sorts thos...
An X chromosome comes from fewer ancestors than a family tree allows
A man's X chromosome can come only from his mother's side, while a woman's comes from both parents, so the ancestors who...
Singapore's golf tees turn one handicap index into very different stroke counts
A Course Handicap rescales a golfer's Handicap Index by the Slope Rating of the tee being played. Across the 88 tees the...
Net run rate tables from the ICC add up only when overs are counted in balls
Net run rate is a cricket side's runs per over minus the runs per over scored against it, across every match with a resu...
One study's medium Cohen's d is compatible with effects from below small to large
Cohen's d, Hedges' g and Glass's Δ all divide a difference between two means by a standard deviation, and differ in whic...
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