Science Tools

Allele frequencies from genotype counts — with a χ² test against Hardy-Weinberg

20 amino acids — codes, names, codons · 3 curricula

Concentration from absorbance

Stage time = (cells in stage ÷ total cells) × cell-cycle time

ρ = m/V — solve for density, mass or volume · 7 curricula

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ — work out a solution dilution · 3 curricula

From percent composition to formula

Codon ↔ amino acid lookup + full code table · 7 curricula

ΔG = ΔH − TΔS — solve and check spontaneity · 3 curricula

Remaining amount or half-life from decay

p + q = 1 and p² + 2pq + q² = 1 — genotype frequencies from allele frequencies

Q = mcΔT — solve for heat, mass, specific heat or ΔT · 3 curricula

Buffer pH from pKa and the base/acid ratio

Solve for pressure, volume, moles or temperature

118 elements, names in your curriculum language · 7 curricula

KE = ½mv² — solve for energy, mass or velocity · 3 curricula

M = objective × eyepiece — work out magnification · 3 curricula

Parse a chemical formula, sum the atomic masses · 7 curricula

Molarity from mass, and dilution volumes

M = n/V — solve for molarity, moles, volume or mass · 7 curricula

Moles ↔ particles ↔ mass · 3 curricula

p = mv — solve for momentum, mass or velocity · 3 curricula

E = E° − (RT/nF) ln Q — cell potential at non-standard conditions

F = Gm₁m₂/r² — solve for force, mass or distance · 7 curricula

F = ma — solve for force, mass or acceleration · 7 curricula

V = IR — solve for voltage, current or resistance · 7 curricula

pH ↔ pOH ↔ [H⁺] ↔ [OH⁻] — convert any one · 7 curricula

PE = mgh — solve for energy, mass or height · 3 curricula

Monohybrid & dihybrid crosses, instant ratios · 7 curricula

Limiting reagent, theoretical + percent yield

n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂ — solve for index or angle · 3 curricula

Solve any of s, u, v, a, t from the equations of motion

v = fλ — solve for speed, frequency or wavelength · 3 curricula