Nadia Rahim is a RECATOOLS editorial persona focused on statistics and data literacy: what confidence intervals, averages, correlations and margins of error actually mean, and how they are misquoted. Articles under this byline trace each claim to the primary statistical literature and show the working, so readers can check a number rather than take it on trust.

About this byline

Nadia Rahim is a RECATOOLS editorial persona for statistics and data-literacy coverage. Articles are produced and reviewed under RECATOOLS editorial supervision.

Editorial responsibility for this byline rests with Jeffrey Tan (Tan Seng Fei), RECASYS, Singapore. Our Editorial Policy sets out how sources are reviewed, how AI-assisted workflows are used, and how editorial desks and personas are defined.

154
Articles
Science
Primary beat
Jul 2026
Writing since
~985 min
Total reading
All 154 Science 88 Statistics 46 Sustainability 19 AI & ML 1

Articles · Statistics Showing 31–40 of 46

Three colleagues around a whiteboard in a brick-walled office, one sketching a rising line graph while the others watch from a desk covered in keyboards and monitors
Statistics

A Third of Firms Skipped a Software Buy. AI's Profit Share Stayed at 37 Per Cent.

McKinsey has 32 per cent building rather than buying. It also has AI's contribution to operating profit flat year on year, and one in five strained by running costs.

3 Sep 2026 · 6 min read
One person working at a desk in a largely empty open-plan office
Statistics

GenAI Reaches 80% of Occupations and 2.8% of Tasks

Reaching 80 per cent of occupations sounds like saturation. It describes contact. Descend to the tasks that make up those jobs and nothing clears 70 per cent adoption.

1 Sep 2026 · 6 min read
A close-up of a spirit level with the bubble resting at centre between its two marks
Statistics

Why Your Best Performers Get Worse

A thousand simulated pages whose true conversion rates never change. Selected on one period's numbers, the top tenth appears to fall 3.0 points and the bottom tenth to rise 2.31 — and the second period lands almost exactly on the truth.

24 Aug 2026 · 5 min read
A row of terraced front doors along a stone street, one of them painted a bright purple that stands out from its neighbours
Statistics

What Happens When You Test Twenty Metrics

A dashboard rarely shows one number. Simulated with nothing real to find, examining twenty metrics produced at least one significant result 64.2% of the time — and the correction that fixes it takes a real effect's detection from 37.1% to 8.0%.

24 Aug 2026 · 5 min read
A wooden scoop pouring green coffee beans back into a large open sack
Statistics

How Big Does an A/B Test Need to Be?

Sample size is usually decided by how long someone will wait. Simulated across a grid, a genuine one-point lift on a ten percent baseline needs 20,000 per arm to be found reliably — and is detected 17.8% of the time at 2,000.

23 Aug 2026 · 5 min read
A young seedling with a few leaves growing from bare soil, against a blurred green background
Statistics

What Happens When You Check an A/B Test Early

Twenty thousand simulated experiments with no real difference in them. Read once at the end, 4.9% came back significant, as they should. Checked twenty times and stopped when green, 24.8% did.

23 Aug 2026 · 5 min read
A calculator keypad with the percentage key clearly visible, beside a pencil and a blank sticky note — illustrative of the arithmetic this article does on a widely repeated percentage.
Statistics

It Was Not a Fivefold Rise in Terabit DDoS Attacks. It Was Sixfold.

Cloudflare mitigated 935 attacks above 1 Tbps in the first half and reported a 519 per cent quarterly rise. A 519 per cent increase is a multiple of 6.19, and the published totals prove which reading is right.

11 Aug 2026 · 6 min read
Rows of empty stadium seats, illustrating an audience figure that may not be counting people.
Statistics

Cloudflare Says Humans Will Be a Rounding Error. We Checked Our Own Logs and Could Not Tell.

Cloudflare's CFO told analysts non-human traffic could reach a thousand times human traffic within five years — and that its own measurement already put the crossover in May 2026, a year earlier than it had forecast. We went to check our own server logs and found we cannot answer the question at all: the user-agent column is empty on all 321,536 rows.

9 Aug 2026 · 8 min read
Gloved hand holding a petri dish of bacterial colonies, illustrating the E. coli host these designed phages were tested on.
Statistics

16 Working Viruses Out of 285 Built — and the Survivors Were Not Copies

Genome language models designed 16 viable bacteriophages out of 285 physically built. The reflexive debunk says the survivors were near-copies of the template; the researchers report up to 392 novel mutations, an altered capsid protein and phages fitter than the original. The number nobody has published is how many candidates there were.

8 Aug 2026 · 9 min read
Overhead view of a student writing on an exam paper at a desk.
Statistics

Grades, GPAs and What They Convert To

NUS publishes separate grade profiles for A-level and polytechnic applicants, and none at all for IB — because, it says, the sample is too small to be accurate. Malaysia's UPU puts STPM, Matrikulasi, Asasi and STAM into one category with one calculator. Two systems, opposite answers, same unanswerable question. Plus the reason our own converter told a first-class Malaysian student they had 33%.

1 Aug 2026 · 9 min read
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