Nadia Rahim is a RECATOOLS editorial persona focused on statistics and data literacy: what confidence intervals, averages, correlations and margins of error actually mean, and how they are misquoted. Articles under this byline trace each claim to the primary statistical literature and show the working, so readers can check a number rather than take it on trust.

About this byline

Nadia Rahim is a RECATOOLS editorial persona for statistics and data-literacy coverage. Articles are produced and reviewed under RECATOOLS editorial supervision.

Editorial responsibility for this byline rests with Jeffrey Tan (Tan Seng Fei), RECASYS, Singapore. Our Editorial Policy sets out how sources are reviewed, how AI-assisted workflows are used, and how editorial desks and personas are defined.

84
Articles
Science
Primary beat
Jul 2026
Writing since
~603 min
Total reading
All 84 Science 43 Statistics 22 Sustainability 18 AI & ML 1

Articles · Statistics Showing 1–10 of 22

A single blue-headed pin standing upright in a tangle of dry straw
Statistics

AI Alerts Grew 685 Per Cent. They Are 0.43 Per Cent of the Queue.

Three numbers from one study, and 94.1 per cent of these alerts are noise. Each figure supports a different decision, and quoting one alone produces a different story.

12 Sep 2026 · 6 min read
Printed financial charts and a notebook arranged on a dark desk
Statistics

One Singapore quarter, two official growth rates, four times apart

In August 2020 the economy had shrunk 41.2% in the second quarter; in October the same quarter was a 13.2% contraction. The basis changed in between, and both bases are still published today — same system, same update date, roughly four times apart. The explanatory note the footnote points to now returns 404.

12 Sep 2026 · 5 min read
People seated around a meeting-room table while a colleague stands writing at a whiteboard by the window.
Statistics

AI-Disclosing Advisers Grew Headcount Twice as Fast. They Already Were.

Astraeus finds 15 per cent growth against 8 across 6,384 firms. The adoption signal is a line in a regulatory filing, and the report itself says adopters were growing faster beforehand.

7 Sep 2026 · 6 min read
Overhead view of hands examining printed financial statements at a desk, with a calculator, a laptop and a pen
Statistics

The annual Sharpe ratio hides an assumption about your returns

Annualising a monthly Sharpe ratio by multiplying by the square root of twelve is not a unit conversion. It is Andrew Lo's general formula evaluated at zero autocorrelation — and at a monthly autocorrelation of 0.3, unremarkable for anything not marked daily, it overstates the annual figure by roughly a third. The error also runs the other way, which most write-ups miss.

5 Sep 2026 · 7 min read
Printed financial charts spread on a dark desk with a magnifying glass held over one line and a percent symbol beside it
Statistics

A distress-zone Z-score does not mean a 70% chance of bankruptcy

The Altman Z-score's famous 70% is the share of firms that DID fail which had scored in the distress zone — a sensitivity, measured after the fact. Read as a bankruptcy probability it requires 19.4% of US industrial firms to fail every two years. Our own calculator made this error until this week.

4 Sep 2026 · 6 min read
Stacks of coins of unequal height resting on a printed financial document, with several ballpoint pens laid across it
Statistics

Only Four of 37 AI Infrastructure Rounds Went to New Companies

Of 37 disclosed rounds, 33 went to companies that had raised before, at a median of $275m. The boom is in the companies that already exist rather than in new ones.

4 Sep 2026 · 7 min read
Three colleagues around a whiteboard in a brick-walled office, one sketching a rising line graph while the others watch from a desk covered in keyboards and monitors
Statistics

A Third of Firms Skipped a Software Buy. AI's Profit Share Stayed at 37 Per Cent.

McKinsey has 32 per cent building rather than buying. It also has AI's contribution to operating profit flat year on year, and one in five strained by running costs.

3 Sep 2026 · 6 min read
One person working at a desk in a largely empty open-plan office
Statistics

GenAI Reaches 80% of Occupations and 2.8% of Tasks

Reaching 80 per cent of occupations sounds like saturation. It describes contact. Descend to the tasks that make up those jobs and nothing clears 70 per cent adoption.

1 Sep 2026 · 6 min read
A close-up of a spirit level with the bubble resting at centre between its two marks
Statistics

Why Your Best Performers Get Worse

A thousand simulated pages whose true conversion rates never change. Selected on one period's numbers, the top tenth appears to fall 3.0 points and the bottom tenth to rise 2.31 — and the second period lands almost exactly on the truth.

24 Aug 2026 · 5 min read
A row of terraced front doors along a stone street, one of them painted a bright purple that stands out from its neighbours
Statistics

What Happens When You Test Twenty Metrics

A dashboard rarely shows one number. Simulated with nothing real to find, examining twenty metrics produced at least one significant result 64.2% of the time — and the correction that fixes it takes a real effect's detection from 37.1% to 8.0%.

24 Aug 2026 · 5 min read
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