True Shooting Percentage (TS%) Calculator
Calculate True Shooting Percentage — PTS ÷ (2 × (FGA + 0.44 × FTA)) — the basketball efficiency stat that weights two-pointers, three-pointers, and free throws. Free.
True Shooting Percentage Calculator
True Shooting Percentage is basketball's best single measure of scoring efficiency, because it counts two-pointers, three-pointers, and free throws in one number — unlike plain field-goal percentage, which ignores the extra value of a three and free throws entirely. Enter a player's scoring line to compute it.
How to Use the TS% Calculator
Enter points
Total points scored — from any combination of two-pointers, three-pointers, and free throws. This is the numerator of the efficiency calculation.
Enter field-goal and free-throw attempts
FGA is all shots from the field (2s and 3s); FTA is free-throw attempts. The formula multiplies FTA by 0.44 to estimate how many possessions the free throws used, since not every trip to the line ends a possession.
Optionally add made shots
Enter field goals made and three-pointers made to also see Effective Field Goal Percentage (eFG%), which credits the extra value of a three but ignores free throws.
Read the efficiency
TS% of ~58–60% is around league average for a guard/wing; elite scorers exceed 62–65%. Because the scale runs higher than FG% (a 60% TS% is good, whereas 60% FG% is rare), always compare TS% to TS%, not to raw shooting percentages.
Why TS% Beats Field-Goal Percentage
Counting Every Point a Shooter Earns
Plain field-goal percentage has a blind spot that True Shooting Percentage fixes. FG% treats a made three-pointer exactly like a made two-pointer and ignores free throws entirely — so a sharpshooter who lives behind the arc and a high-volume free-throw drawer can both look "inefficient" by FG% while actually scoring at an elite rate. TS% solves this by putting points in the numerator and an estimate of the possessions a player used in the denominator: TS% = PTS ÷ (2 × (FGA + 0.44 × FTA)). The "2 ×" scales the result so that, for a pure two-point shooter, TS% equals their FG%. The 0.44 coefficient is the clever part: it estimates how many of a player's free-throw attempts actually consumed a possession, because and-ones, technical free throws, and the first of a two-shot trip don't each end a possession. The product is a single percentage that captures all the ways a player puts the ball in the basket.
Because the denominator counts attempts rather than makes, TS% is on a different scale from FG%. A 50% field-goal shooter who also makes threes and free throws will post a TS% well above 50%. League-average TS% in the modern NBA sits around 57–58%; a TS% above 60% is very good, and the most efficient high-volume scorers push past 65%. The companion metric, Effective Field Goal Percentage — eFG% = (FGM + 0.5 × 3PM) ÷ FGA — does half the job: it credits a three as worth 1.5 times a two but, unlike TS%, ignores free throws. TS% is therefore the more complete efficiency stat, while eFG% is useful for isolating pure shot-making from the line's contribution.
"Field-goal percentage asks how often you make shots; True Shooting asks how many points you squeeze from every possession you use. In a three-and-free-throw league, only the second question measures a scorer fairly."
How to Use TS% — and Its Limits
TS% is best read in context with volume. An efficient role player taking six shots a game and a star carrying the offense at 25 shots are not directly comparable on efficiency alone, because creating volume against set defenses is harder than picking spots. That's why analysts pair TS% with usage rate, and why "relative TS%" — a player's TS% minus the league average that season — is a cleaner cross-era comparison than the raw number, since the league baseline has risen as three-point volume exploded. TS% also says nothing about shot selection difficulty, playmaking, or defense; it is purely a scoring-efficiency measure. For the growing global basketball audience — including the large followings across the Philippines, China, and Southeast Asia where the NBA and local leagues are huge — the formula is identical at every level, so a TS% computed for an NBA star, a EuroLeague guard, or a local-league scorer means the same thing: points earned per scoring possession used.
10 Facts About True Shooting %
TS% = PTS ÷ (2 × (FGA + 0.44 × FTA)) — points per scoring possession used.
It counts 2s, 3s and free throws together, unlike plain FG%.
The 0.44 estimates the share of free-throw trips that end a possession.
It's on a higher scale than FG% — 60% TS% is good; 60% FG% is rare.
Modern NBA league-average TS% is roughly 57–58%.
Elite scorers exceed 62–65% TS% at high volume.
eFG% = (FGM + 0.5 × 3PM) ÷ FGA credits threes but ignores free throws.
Pair TS% with usage rate — high-volume efficiency is harder to sustain.
Relative TS% (vs league average) compares players across eras fairly.
The formula is identical worldwide — NBA, EuroLeague, or local leagues.
Frequently Asked Questions
- True Shooting Percentage (TS%) is a basketball efficiency stat that measures how many points a player scores per scoring possession used, counting two-pointers, three-pointers, and free throws together. The formula is PTS ÷ (2 × (FGA + 0.44 × FTA)). Unlike field-goal percentage, it credits the extra value of threes and the points earned at the free-throw line, making it the single best measure of scoring efficiency.
- The 0.44 estimates the fraction of free-throw attempts that actually end a possession. Not every trip to the line uses a full possession — and-one free throws come after a made basket, the first free throw of a two-shot trip doesn't end the possession, and technical/flagrant free throws are separate. Empirically, about 0.44 of free-throw attempts correspond to a used possession, so the formula multiplies FTA by 0.44 to convert free throws into possession-equivalents.
- Effective Field Goal Percentage (eFG% = (FGM + 0.5 × 3PM) ÷ FGA) credits a made three as 1.5 times a made two, fixing FG%'s blindness to threes — but it ignores free throws entirely. TS% goes further by also counting points scored at the line. So eFG% measures pure shot-making from the field, while TS% measures total scoring efficiency including free throws. A player who draws many fouls will have a TS% noticeably higher than their eFG%.
- In the modern NBA, league-average TS% is around 57–58%. A TS% above 60% is very good, and the most efficient high-volume scorers exceed 62–65%. Anything below about 52–53% is poor for a primary scorer. Remember the scale runs higher than FG% — never compare a TS% to a raw shooting percentage. The fairest comparison is "relative TS%," a player's TS% minus the league average that season.
- For a normal sample it can't exceed about 1.0 in any realistic way, but in a tiny sample it theoretically can — for instance, a player who makes a three and two free throws on a single trip can momentarily post an extreme figure because the 0.44 possession estimate undercounts an unusual sequence. Over any meaningful sample (a game or season) TS% stays in the realistic 40–70% band. If you see a wild number, you're looking at a very small sample.
- No — pair it with volume. Scoring efficiently on six shots a game is easier than carrying an offense at 25 shots against defenses keyed on you, so analysts read TS% alongside usage rate. A star with a slightly lower TS% but huge volume can be more valuable than an ultra-efficient role player. TS% also ignores playmaking, defense, and shot difficulty. It's the best single scoring-efficiency stat, but one piece of a full evaluation.
- Yes, you can compute a single-game TS% the same way, and it's a tidy summary of how efficiently a player scored that night. But like any rate stat over a small sample, a single game is noisy — a couple of made or missed threes swing it sharply. TS% is most meaningful over a full season or career, where the possession estimate and shot variance even out. Use single-game TS% as a quick read, season TS% for real evaluation.
- Yes, it has risen substantially. As three-point volume exploded and teams optimised shot selection toward threes and layups, league-average TS% climbed from the low 50s in earlier decades to around 57–58% today. That's why comparing raw TS% across eras can mislead — a 56% TS% was elite in 1995 but is below average now. Relative TS% (versus the league average of that specific season) is the right tool for cross-era comparison.
- Yes. The formula is identical for the WNBA, EuroLeague, college, FIBA international play, and local leagues worldwide — it only needs points, field-goal attempts, and free-throw attempts. Only the league-average baseline differs, so to judge a player you compare their TS% to the average of the specific league and season they played in. The number means the same thing everywhere: points scored per scoring possession used.
- TS% emerged from the basketball-analytics community and was popularised through work by analysts such as John Hollinger and the broader sabermetric movement that brought possession-based thinking to basketball, building on Dean Oliver's "Basketball on Paper." It became a mainstream stat through Basketball-Reference and is now standard on every major stats site and in front offices, broadcasts, and fantasy analysis as the default measure of scoring efficiency.
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